World History Ch 11 Review
Renaissance
- Means rebirth
- Humanism-The emphasis on man’s worth and capacity. Led to the false assumption that man is basically good.
- Renaissance people thought that the Medieval man was backward in his thinking.
- Renaissance education- wanted to develop a well-rounded individual
- Renaissance man admired the Greco-Roman era of history
- Machiavelli- wrote The Prince which said “it is much safer to be feared than loved”.
- William Shakespeare- the greatest playwright and poet of the English language
- Cervantes- wrote a satire on chivalry
- Medici- Family of the most important patrons of the Renaissance
- Renaissance painters signed their works to get recognition for them
- Leonardo da Vinci- the best Renaissance man
- Botticelli- gave his subjects a sense of movement
- Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael- best artists of the High Renaissance
- Albrecht Durer- Leonardo of the North, known for woodcarvings and engravings
- Michelangelo- painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling to show the creation, fall, flood and redemption.
- Donatello- cast the first full-scale equestrian statue since Roman times
Reformation
- John Wycliffe- Morning Star of the Reformation
- John Huss- famous reformer in Bohemia
- Gutenberg- invented movable type printing
- Martin Luther- discovered as a priest that salvation was by faith alone. Wrote Ninety-Five Theses Which spoke about the selling of indulgences
- Pope Leo X- ordered the selling of indulgences for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica
- Peace of Augsburg- document which allowed a German prince to decide the religion of his territory
- Anabaptist beliefs- only true believers should be members of the church, Christians should not fight in war, church and state should be separate, only believers should be baptized
- Ulrich Zwingli- Protestant reformer in Zurich Switzerland
- Charles V was preoccupied with politics in Europe so Lutheranism grew
- John Calvin- Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion, was a reformer in Geneva, Switzerland
- Thomas Cranmer- Wrote the Book of Common Prayer
- Anglican Church- Church of England, embraced Protestant doctrines but kept Catholic practices.
- Separatists- those who wanted to remove themselves from the Anglican Church
- The Forty-Two Articles of the Anglican Church recognized the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper
- John Knox- Protestant leader in Scotland
- Mary Stuart- Catholic queen of Scotland
- Mary I- Catholic queen of England whose persecution of Protestants increased anti-Catholic sentiment
- Henry IV of France- was Protestant but converted to Catholicism when he became king
- Huguenots- French Protestants who gained religious toleration from the Edict of Nantes
Catholics
- Jesuits- promoted the Counter- Reformation to bring protestants back to Catholicism, Ignatius Loyola was the leader
- St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- Twenty thousand Huguenots were killed in France,
Instigated by Catherine de Medici
- Inquisition- court of the Roman Catholic Church that focused on finding and punishing Protestants